UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

We know that everything that goes up comes down due to gravity .

But have you seen Moon crashing into the Earth or Earth crashing into the Sun while revolving ?

Ofcourse not .

The answer lies in the fact that they move side ways relative to the Earth's and Sun's surface .

To solve this , The Great Scientist "Issac Newton" studied the previous works of Kepler and Galileo and came up with a law for gravitation .

The Law states that :-

1) Every particle of matter attracts every other particle of matter .

2) Force of attraction is proportional to the product of masses of the particles which means heavier the bodies more the force of attraction between them .

3) If distance between the particles is doubled , the force decreases by 4 times .

Therefore , we get F∝M.m/r2

In order to turn proportionality into equation we have to replace the 'proportionality symbol' with an 'equal to' symbol and that means we have to add a constant which is 'The Universal Gravitational Constant' or G.

Therefore , F = G M.m/r2

Universal Gravitation Constant (G)

By rearranging this equation we get ,

G = Fr^2/ M.m

We can also find the SI unit of G from this equation.

Using the SI units of each of the terms used in equation we get ,

SI unit of G = N m^2/kg^2

Value of G

Henry Cavendish conducted a very complicated experiment with complicated formulas and found the value of G which is 6.67 * 10^-11

G = 6.67 * 10^-11

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